MICROBIAL PROFILE AND NUTRITIONAL EVALUATION OF BROILER AND DOMESTIC CHICKEN MEAT FROM SELECTED DISTRICTS OF KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN

W ULLAH; A ULLAH; MA KHAN; N HASSAN; K AMAN; S KHAN; S HASSAN; A HAZRAT

doi:10.54112/bbasr.v2023i1.34

Authors

W ULLAH Department of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
A ULLAH Department of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
MA KHAN Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology (COBAM), University of Peshawar, Pakistan
N HASSAN Department of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
K AMAN Department of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
S KHAN Department of Health & Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
S HASSAN Institute of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Bacha Khan University Charsada, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
A HAZRAT Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Chakadra Dir Lower, KPK Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bbasr.v2023i1.34

Keywords:

Domestic chicken, Broiler chicken, Pathogens, Antibiotics, crude protein

Abstract

Poultry meat is considered a favourite meal in Pakistan. It is one of the essential constituents of the human diet daily because it contains protein, vitamins, minerals, and energy. Poultry meat can cause illnesses like food poisoning and typhoid etc. Our study aims to isolate pathogenic microbes and nutritional analysis of different poultry meat samples. Samples of domestic (30) and broilers chicken’s (30) meat were collected from different areas (Swat, Malakand, Mardan, Charsadda and Peshawar) of the market randomly. Selective and differential media were used for bacterial growth. The staining techniques and biochemical test were used to identify the bacteria as gram-negative or positive. Different biochemical tests, like Oxidase, Catalase and Triple Sugar Iron (TSI), were performed for the bacterial identification. Disc diffusion procedure was performed to test a panel of antibiotics belongs to different classes against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The nutritional analysis was performed by AOAC method. Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perferingens, Listiria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica and Campylobacter jejoni were seven different types of bacteria identified from meat sample. Aspergillus and Penicillium, fungi were identified from broiler chicken meat. From the result of antibiotic sensitivity, the most potent antibiotics found against bacteria were ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime (54%) respectively, followed by ceftriaxone and Gentamicin (40%), respectively, followed by ceftazidim and Imepenem (19%) while pepracillin and penicillin antibiotic were mostly showed resistant. The result of Nutritional analysis showed that crude protein, crude fats, crude fibers, crude ash and crude moisture in domestic chicken meat ranged from 84.19 to 90.52%, 0.62% to 2.30%, 0.36% to 0.65%, 3.70% to 93% and 1.9% to 3.77% respectively. Similarly, in Broiler chicken meat, the percentage of crude protein, crude fats, crude fibers, crude ash and crude moisture ranged from 75.35% to 86.10%, 4.12% to 7.46%, 0.52% to 0.95%, 4.20% to 6.25%, and 1.92% to 2.78% respectively. The study concludes that domestic chicken meat contained a higher percentage of crude protein and crude moisture than broiler meat while a lower percentage of crude fats, crude fiber and crude ash than those of commercial broilers.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdalla, M. A., Suliman, S. E., Ahmed, D. E., & Bakhiet, A. O. (2009). Estimation of bacterial contamination of indigenous bovine carcasses in Khartoum (Sudan). African Journal of Microbiology Research, 3(12), 882-886.

Abraham, A. G., Wellington, T. T., & Victoria, A. (2012). Microbiological quality of chicken sold in Accra and determination of D 10-value of E. coli. Food and Nutrition Sciences, 3(5): 693-698.

Angkititrakul, S., Chomvarin, C., Chaita, T., Kanistanon, K., & Waethewutajarn, S. (2005). Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella isolated from pork, chicken meat and humans in Thailand. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine & Public Health, 36(6), 1510-1515.

Ariyaratne, M. H. S. (2010). Potential of duckweed (Wolffia arrhiza)-an invasive aquatic plant as fish feed in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fry rearing. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 16(3).: 321-333.

Cohen, N., Ennaji, H., Bouchrif, B., Hassar, M., & Karib, H. (2007). Comparative study of microbiological quality of raw poultry meat at various seasons and for different slaughtering processes in Casablanca (Morocco). Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16(4), 502-508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2006-00061

Darshana, B.B., D. Thyagarajan, R.C. Richard and N. Punniamurthy. (2014). Bacterial pathogens in chicken meat: Review. International Journal of Life Science Research 2(3): 1-7.

Fakolade, P.O. (2015). Effect of age on physico-chemical, cholesterol and proximate composition of chicken and quail meat. African Journal of Food Science 9(4): 182-186. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJFS2015.1282

Farooq, M., M.K. Shakir, M.A. Mian, S. Mussawar, F.R. Durrani and A. Cheema. (2004). Status of backyard chicken reared by women in Chitral [Pakistan]. Pakistan Veterinary Journal 24(2): 82-86.

Fearnley, E., J. Raupach, F. Lagala and S. Cameron. (2011). Salmonella in chicken meat, eggs and humans; Adelaide, South Australia. International Jouranl of food Microbiology 146(3): 219-227. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.004

Fisher, D.J., L.T. Yonkos, and K.W. Staver. (2015). Environmental concerns of roxarsone in broiler poultry feed and litter in Maryland, USA. Environmental Science and Technology 49(4): 1999-2012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/es504520w

Heetun, I., Goburdhun, D., & Neetoo, H. (2015). Comparative microbiological evaluation of raw chicken from markets and chilled outlets of Mauritius. Jpournal of Worlds Poultry Research, 5(1), 10-18.

Jackson, B. P., Seaman, J. C., & Bertsch, P. M. (2006). Fate of arsenic compounds in poultry litter upon land application. Chemosphere, 65(11), 2028-2034. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.065

Jamshidi, A., Bassami, M. R., & Farkhondeh, T. (2008). Isolation and identification of Campylobacter spp. and Campylobacter coli from poultry carcasses by conventional culture method and multiplex PCR in Mashhad, Iran. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 9(2), 132-137.

Jaturasitha, S., Srikanchai, T., Kreuzer, M., & Wicke, M. (2008). Differences in carcass and meat characteristics between chicken indigenous to northern Thailand (Black-boned and Thai native) and imported extensive breeds (Bresse and Rhode Island Red). Poultry science, 87(1), 160-169. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2006-00398

Jones, F.T. (2007). A broad view of arsenic. Poultry Science, 86(1): 2-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/86.1.2

Jung, Y. K., Jeon, H. J., Jung, S., Choe, J. H., Lee, J. H., Heo, K. N., ... & Jo, C. R. (2011). Comparison of quality traits of thigh meat from Korean native chickens and broilers. Food Science of Animal Resources, 31(5), 684-692. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2011.31.5.684

Kingori, A. M., Wachira, A. M., & Tuitoek, J. K. (2010). Indigenous chicken production in Kenya: a review. International Journal of Poultry Science, 9(4), 309-316. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2010.309.316

Melo, A. A. M. D., Geraldine, R. M., Silveira, M. F. A., Torres, M. C. L., Fernandes, T. H., & Oliveira, A. N. D. (2012). Microbiological quality and other characteristics of refrigerated chicken meat in contact with cellulose acetate-based film incorporated with rosemary essential oil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 43, 1419-1427. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517-83822012000400025

Mund, M. D., Khan, U. H., Tahir, U., Mustafa, B. E., & Fayyaz, A. (2017). Antimicrobial drug residues in poultry products and implications on public health: A review. International Journal of Food Properties, 20(7), 1433-1446. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2016.1212874

Nisar, M., Mushtaq, M. H., Shehzad, W., Hussain, A., Nasar, M., Nagaraja, K. V., & Goyal, S. M. (2018). Occurrence of Campylobacter in retail meat in Lahore, Pakistan. Acta tropica, 185, 42-45. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.04.030

Nørrung, B., Andersen, J. K., & Buncic, S. (2009). Main concerns of pathogenic microorganisms in meat. Safety of meat and processed meat, 3-29. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-89026-5_1

Ogunmola, O. O., Taiwo, O. F., & Ayankoso, A. S. (2013). The nutritive value of the meat quality of locally breed chicken, exotic chicken and turkey. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(6), 46-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-0364650

Okarini, I. A., Purnomo, H., & Radiati, L. E. (2013). Proximate, total phenolic, antioxidant activity and amino acids profile of Bali indigenous chicken, spent laying hen and broiler breast fillet. International Journal of Poultry Science, 12(7), 415-420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2013.415.420

Rahimi, E., & Tajbakhsh, E. (2008). Prevalence of Campylobacter species in poultry meat in the Esfahan city, Iran. Bulgarian Journalof Veterinary Medicine, 11(4), 257-262.

Ramya, P., Madhavarao, T., & Rao, L. V. (2012). Study on the incidence of Salmonella enteritidis in poultry and meat samples by cultural and PCR methods. Veterinary World, 5(9), 541-545. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2012.541-545

Kiran, R., Aliya, R., Solangi, B. A., Pervez, M. K., Nasrullah, A., & Farman, A. (2020). Utilizing natural colorants of brown seaweeds in bioactive fabric dyeing. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 26(4), 403-414. DOI: https://doi.org/10.28941/pjwsr.v26i4.860

Thanigaivel, G., & Anandhan, A. S. (2015). Isolation and characterization of microorganisms from raw meat obtained from different market places in and around Chennai. Journal of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Biological Sciences, 3(2), 295-301.

Tobaruela, E. D. C., Santos, A. D. O., de Almeida-Muradian, L. B., Araujo, E. D. S., Lajolo, F. M., & Menezes, E. W. (2018). Application of dietary fiber method AOAC 2011.25 in fruit and comparison with AOAC 991.43 method. Food Chemistry, 238, 87-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.12.068

Umaya RS. 2014. The uniqueness of immunocompetence and meat quality of native chickens: A specialized review. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 3: 2576-2588.

Wyness, L. (2016). The role of red meat in the diet: nutrition and health benefits. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 75(3), 227-232. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665115004267

Zeb, A., Shah, H. U., Iqbal, Z., & Mahmood, F. (2013). Irradiation decontaminated poultry feed in different packaging materials. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture (Pakistan). 29(4): 573-578.