CHEMICAL FINGERPRINT OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA: UNRAVELING THE BIOACTIVE PROFILE AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL

A ZAHID; J ISLAM; J IQBAL; M MARVI; F ARIF; Q ALI; S AHMAD; A MALIK

doi:10.54112/bbasr.v2025i1.98

Authors

A ZAHID School of Pain and Regenerative Medicine (SPRM), The University of Lahore-Pakistan
J ISLAM Islam Medical and Dental College, Sialkot-Pakistan/Department of Biosciences, Grand Asian University, Sialkot-Pakistan
J IQBAL School of Pharmacy, Minhaj University Lahore-Pakistan
M MARVI Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Baluchistan, Quetta-Pakistan
F ARIF Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore-Pakistan
Q ALI Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, P.O BOX. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan
S AHMAD Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom
A MALIK sSchool of Pain and Regenerative Medicine (SPRM), The University of Lahore-Pakistan/Faculty of Health Sciences, Equator University of Science and Technology, (EQUSaT), Masaka, Uganda

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bbasr.v2025i1.98

Keywords:

Azadirachta indica, GC-MS/MS, bioactive compounds, azadirachtin, quercetin, luteolin, therapeutic potential, traditional medicine

Abstract

Azadirachta indica (neem) has been used for centuries in conventional medicines due to its bourgeois phytochemical profile and wide therapeutic potential. Regardless of its widespread use, detailed chemical fingerprints on bioactive compounds and residues with curative value are underexplored. The current investigative concentrate aims to identify and examine the bioactive compound in the ethanolic leaf infusion of A. Indications to unravel its curative properties and support its power to discover new drugs at the state of the art. An ethanolic leaf admixture was the subject of a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy (GC-MS/MS) study. The sample was prepared by dissolving the solution in ethanol, 1 mg / mL. The oven temperature was programmed from the initial to the final temperature, together with the determination of the parameters. Helium as a carrier gas, electron-influenced ionization, and a scanning range of the Scan variety are central working parameters. Ten major phytochemicals, including azadirachtin, Nimbin, beta-sitosterol, quercetin, and luteolin, were evaluated by GC-MS/MS. Azadirachtin has promising anticancer activities, while quercetin and luteolin have potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Beta-sitosterol and 3-terpineol were associated with cardiovascular protection; Each compound has unique bioactivity which contributes to the curative versatility of A. indicate. The examination provides a complete chemical fingerprint of A. indica, highlighting its bioactive compounds and their curative properties. These results confirm the usual use of neem and reinforce its importance in contemporary pharmaceuticals. The use of these compounds in targeted therapy and drug evolution may be improved by further discovery at the molecular level.

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