CORRELATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS MARKERS IN MULTIPLE BIOFLUIDS OF END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS

Abstract

A study established that patients with ESRD have high oxidative stress levels that spike the progression of the disease and its complications. Knowledge about the levels of the Oxidative stress biomarkers in various biofluids including Urine, serum, and saliva can explain the oxidative condition and probable diagnostic accuracy of these markers in ESRD patients. A descriptive cross-sectional exploratory research design was used to perform a comparison of 50 ESRD patients with 50 healthy subjects. On demographic, clinical, and hematological parameters data were obtained. Blood MDA, 8-OHdG, and saliva TAC were determined as the indicators of oxidative stress. Multivariate analysis was conducted to compare the levels of these markers in the biofluids and probable neurological disorders, and the participants’ demographic and clinical data were evaluated. Demographic profiling revealed that ESRD patients’ mean BMI was 26.3 ± 3.9 kg/m², compared to controls 24.8 ± 3.4 km/m², p = 0.032; more of them being smokers’ p = 0.045. ESRD patient’s general hematologic profile showed that their mean hemoglobin level was 10.2 ± 1.5 g/dL and the mean hematocrit was 32.5 ± 4.3 % and the difference was significant when compared with the control group (p<0.05). ESRD was associated with an increase in WMBC, percentage of neutrophils, and CRP level compared with the control group (p<0.05). Acute phase marker study indicates that the MDA level was significantly higher in serum (5.6 ± 1.1 nmol/L) than in urine (3.2 ± 0.8 nmol/L) and saliva (2.8 ± 0.7 nmol/L, p=0.016). The levels of 8-OHdG were significantly higher in serum (10.3 ± 2.1 ng/mL) than in urine and saliva (p=0.027). Salivary TAC was the least suggesting reduced antioxidant defense (p<0.05). The study revealed that ESRD patients have increased levels in the markers of oxidative stress in urine and serum samples, as well as saliva compared to healthy individuals. The studies have identified serum as the most representative biofluid for evaluating oxidative stress in ESRD and therefore assured the practical application of the results for the identification of the best candidates for early interventions.