ANTIBACTERIAL POTENTIAL OF MELIA AZEDARACH LEAVES AND FRUITS EXTRACTS AGAINST BACTERIAL SPECIES PRODUCING FOOD POISONING DISEASES

J ALI; M SIDDIQUE; M AKRAM; JA BANGASH; S KIRBAG

doi:10.64013/bbasr.v2026i1.131

Authors

J ALI Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120- Pakistan
M SIDDIQUE Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120- Pakistan
M AKRAM Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120- Pakistan
JA BANGASH Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120- Pakistan
S KIRBAG Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat Univerity Firat 23119 Elazig, Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64013/bbasr.v2026i1.131

Keywords:

Food preservation, Food-borne diseases, plant extracts, antibacterial activity, zone of inhibition, aqueous extract, ethanol extract, inhibition zone, natural antibacterial substances

Abstract

The current study was conducted for the evaluation of antimicrobial activities of Melia azedarach fruit and leaf extracts using aqueous and ethanol solvents against 5 bacterial strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by the disc diffusion method, whereas the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were measured applying standards bacteriological techniques. Outcomes of the disc diffusion technique assay showed that ethanol extracts displayed significant antibacterial potential as compared with water extracts, with a zone of inhibition spectrum of 15 to 22 mm for fruits and leaves, matched to 10 to 14 mm for water extracts at 100 mg/mL. The maximum vulnerability was shown against Bacillus cereus, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the smallest sensitivity. The MIC degree additionally verified strong efficiency of ethanol leaf extracts, ranging from 25 to 125mg/mL, whereas fruit extracts (aqueous) showed the maximum MIC degrees (up to 200mg/mL). Likewise, MBC results showed that ethanol leaf extracts had the strongest bactericidal efficiency (50–225 mg/mL), while fruit water extracts displayed the weakest activities (200–250 mg/mL). Generally, the results indicate that Melia azedarach exhibits strong antibacterial activities, predominantly in ethanol leaf extracts, and might act as a latent source of natural antibacterial substances. The research also highlights the dissimilarity in microbial vulnerability, with Gram-positive microbes being more susceptible as compared with Gram-negative microbes.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Ahmad, B., & Ali, J. (2013). Physiochemical, minerals, phytochemical contents, antimicrobial activities evaluation and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis of Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves extracts. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 7(7), 375–388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP12.1246

Ahmet, M., Nimet, Y., Demet, Y., & Ali, K. (2011). Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Turkish endemic Sonchus erzincanicus extracts. Turkish Journal of Biology, 35(2), 243–250.

Akacha, M., Lahbib, K., Remadi, M. D., & Boughanmi, N. G. (2016). Antibacterial, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities of Melia azedarach ethanolic leaf extract. Bangladesh Journal of Pharmacology, 11(3), 577–584. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjp.v11i3.27000

Altaf, H., Iqbal, A. Q., Rabia, L., Saeed, A., Irum, A., Ikram, U., & Zabta, K. S. (2014). Antimicrobial potential of leaf and fruit extracts and oils of wild and cultivated edible olive. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 46(4), 1463–1468.

Balasubramaniam, S., Latha, V., & Ambikapathy, V. (2019). Determination of antimicrobial activity of Melia azedarach L. against clinical microbes. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 6(6), 249–254.

Farook, M. A., Muthu Mohamed, H. S., Mohamed Tariq, N. P. M., Paranjothi, M., Santhosh Kumar, G., Subash, S., Naveez Ahmed, V., Naveen Kumar, M., & Madhan Kumar, R. (2019). Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of Melia azedarach. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 6(2), 248i–255i.

Gram, L., Ravn, L., Rasch, M., Bruhn, J. B., Christensen, A. B., & Givskov, M. (2002). Food spoilage—interactions between food spoilage bacteria. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 78(1-2), 79–97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00233-7

Handa, S. S., Rakesh, D. D., & Vasisht, K. (2006). Compendium of medicinal and aromatic plants: Asia (Vol. 2, pp. 73–74). ICS-UNIDO.

Harshit, V., Mandeep, S., Rajesh, C., & Akanksha, P. (2013). Assessment of antimycotic activity of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) leaf extracts against common fungi associated with skin dermatitis. Veterinary World, 6(4), 205–208. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/vetworld.2013.205-208

Husain, S. Z., Malik, R. N., Javaid, M., & Bibi, S. (2008). Ethnobotanical properties and uses of medicinal plants of Morgah Biodiversity Park, Rawalpindi. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(5), 1897–1911.

Jeba Malar, T. R. J., Antonyswamy, J., Ponnuswamy Vijayaraghavan, Kim, Y. O., Al-Ghamdi, A. A., Elshikh, M. S., Hatamleh, A. A., Al-Dosary, M. A., Na, S. W., & Kim, H. J. (2020). In-vitro phytochemical and pharmacological bio-efficacy studies on Azadirachta indica A. Juss and Melia azedarach Linn for anticancer activity. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27(2), 682–688. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2019.11.024

Joy, P. P., Thomas, J., Mathew, S., & Skaria, B. P. (1998). Medicinal plants. Kerala Agricultural University, Aromatic and Medicinal Plants Research Station, 193–194.

Kamal, A. A., & Fawzia, S. A. S. (2018). Toxicological and safety assessment of tartrazine as a synthetic food additive on health biomarkers: A review. African Journal of Biotechnology, 17(5), 139–149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2017.16300

Kaneria, M., Baravalia, Y., Vaghasiya, Y., & Chanda, S. (2009). Determination of antibacterial and antioxidant potential of some medicinal plants from Saurashtra region, India. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 71(4), 406–412. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.57289

Khan, A. V., Ahmed, Q. U., Mir, M. R., Shukla, I., & Ali, A. K. (2011). Antibacterial efficacy of the seed extracts of Melia azedarach against some hospital isolated human pathogenic bacterial strains. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine, 1(6), 452–455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(11)60099-3

Lebelo, K., Malebo, N., Mochane, M. J., & Masinde, M. (2021). Chemical contamination pathways and the food safety implications along the various stages of food production: A review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(11): 5795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18115795

Lorenzo, J. M., Munekata, P. E., Domínguez, R., Pateiro, M., Saraiva, J. A., & Franco, D. (2018). Main groups of microorganisms of relevance for food safety and stability: General aspects and overall description. In Innovative Technologies for Food Preservation (pp. 53–107). Academic Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-811031-7.00003-0

Mostafa, A. A., Al-Askar, A. A., Almaary, K. S., Dawoud, T. M., Sholkamy, E. N., & Bakri, M. M. (2018). Antimicrobial activity of some plant extracts against bacterial strains causing food poisoning diseases. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 25(2), 361–366. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.02.004

Newell, D. G., Koopmans, M., Verhoef, L., Duizer, E., Aidara-Kane, A., Sprong, H., ... Kruse, H. (2010). Food-borne diseases—The challenges of 20 years ago still persist while new ones continue to emerge. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 139(Suppl. 0), S3–S15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2010.01.021

Rahmatullah, M. M., Khatun, A., Morshed, N., & Neogi, P. K. (2010). A randomized survey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal healers of Sylhet division, Bangladesh. Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences, 4(1), 52–62.

Rivera, S. E. V., Escobar-Saucedo, M. A., Morales, D., Aguilar, C. N., & Rodriguez-Herrera, R. (2014). Synergistic effects of ethanolic plant extract mixtures against food-borne pathogen bacteria. African Journal of Biotechnology, 13(5), 699–704. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5897/AJB2013.12273

Sen, A., Batra, A., & Rao, D. V. (2010). Pivotal role of plant growth regulators in clonal propagation of Melia azedarach L. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 5(2), 43–49.

Shylaja, R., Thakasi, D. K., Murali, H. S., Reddy, K. P., & Batra, H. V. (2012). Application of a chimeric protein construct having enterotoxin B and toxic shock syndrome toxin domains of S. aureus in immunodiagnostics. Indian Journal of Microbiology, 52(3), 449–455. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12088-012-0269-8

Sultana, S., Khan, M. A., Ahmad, M., Bano, A., Zafar, M., & Shinwari, Z. K. (2011). Authentication of herbal medicine Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) using taxonomic and pharmacognostic techniques. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 43(1), 141–150.

Tayel, A. A., & El-tras, W. F. (2010). Anticandidal activity of pomegranate peel extract aerosol as an applicable sanitizing method. Mycoses, 53(2), 117–122. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.2008.01681.x

Touzout, S. N., Merghni, A., Laouani, A., Boukhibar, H., Alenazy, R., Alobaid, A., Alenazy, M., Ben-Attia, M., Saguem, K., & El-Bok, S. (2023). Antibacterial properties of methanolic leaf extracts of Melia azedarach L. against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. Microorganisms, 11(8), Article 2062. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11082062

Woo, S. H., Sung, J. M., Park, H., Kim, J., Kim, Y. J., Kim, T. K., Lee, H., & Choi, Y. S. (2023). Inhibitory effect of natural extract mixtures on microbial growth and lipid oxidation of sausages during storage. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 65(1), 225–243. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5187/jast.2022.e92