PHYTOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT AND ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITIES OF MELIA AZEDARACH L. EXTRACTS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SOIL-BORNE PHYTOPATHOGENIC FUNGI

J ALI; M SIDDIQUE; M AKRAM; JA BANGASH; S KIRBAG

doi:10.64013/bbasr.v2026i1.130

Authors

J ALI PPakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120- Pakistan
M SIDDIQUE Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120- Pakistan
M AKRAM Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120- Pakistan
JA BANGASH Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) Laboratories Complex, Peshawar 25120- Pakistan
S KIRBAG Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat Univerity Firat 23119 Elazig, Turkey

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64013/bbasr.v2026i1.130

Keywords:

Chinaberry tree, plant fungal pathogens, natural fungicide, phytocompounds, fungi biomass inhibition, ethanol and aqueous extracts

Abstract

The current study assessed the phytochemical screening and antifungal activities of Melia azedarach fruit and leaf extracts made using aqueous and ethanol solvents against a main soil-borne plant pathogenic mould, comprising Sclerotium rolfsii, Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum. Qualitative p secondary metabolites analysis revealed the occurrence of flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids in both extracts, with ethanol extracts observing relatively maximum profusion of phytochemicals, chiefly flavonoids and phenols. Antifungal activities were evaluated via reduction of biomass technique at various doses (50–300 mg/mL). All extracts displayed a vibrant concentration-dependent inhibition activity on mould biomass. Amongst all treatments, fruits and leaves ethanol extracts exhibited the maximum fungicidal efficiencies, attaining the highest inhibition of biomass up to 88% against Fusarium oxysporum and over 80% against the greatest experimented mould at 300 mg/mL. The water extracts also presented significant activities nevertheless were relatively lower activity across all doses. Generally, Alternaria alternata and Fusarium oxysporum were the most susceptible fungi, whereas Sclerotium rolfsii revealed comparatively maximum resistance. The research highlights that plant parts and types of solvents meaningfully affect the isolation of bioactive substances and their antifungal properties. The results suggest that Melia azedarach owns powerful capacity as a non-synthetic source of antifungal compounds for controlling soil-borne diseases.

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