CLIMATE-RESILIENT HORTICULTURE THROUGH GENOMIC TOOLS: A DECADE OF GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION STUDIES (GWAS) APPLICATIONS AMIDST A CHANGING CLIMATE

M HAMMAD; U TALIB; A SHER; M SHAFIQ; SHUH SHERAZI

doi:10.64013/bbasr.v2026i1.115

Authors

M HAMMAD Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8543-2974
U TALIB Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8674-9129
A SHER Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6483-9067
M SHAFIQ Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, 54590, Pakistan https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-9963
SHUH SHERAZI Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, P.O BOX. 54590, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.64013/bbasr.v2026i1.115

Keywords:

GWAS, climate resilience, horticulture, abiotic stress, tomato, cucumber, drought tolerance, heat tolerance, salinity, genomic selection

Abstract

Climate change offers a growing danger to global horticulture productivity, with rising temperatures, shifting precipitation patterns, and increased soil salinity. However, throughout the last decade, the GWAS era has revolutionized our understanding of genetic architecture for abiotic stress tolerance in horticulture crops. This study outlines GWAS research development from 2015 to 2025, focusing on drought, heat, and salinity tolerance in horticulture crops. Some of the significant highlights are the finding of stable loci such as SlALMT15 in tomato for stomatal function, QTL for tuber heat tolerance in potato, and salt-tolerant genes in cucumber seedlings. Integration with transcriptomics, phenomics, and genomic selection has accelerated candidate gene validation and breeding applications. Despite these advancements, critical challenges remain—limited sample sizes, inconsistent phenotyping, underrepresentation of orphan crops, and the need for multi-environment trials. Abiotic stressors account for 50-80% of the potential yield loss of numerous horticulture crops, according to global studies conducted between 2010 and 2025. The combination of multi-omics and AI-assisted genomic prediction has increased the effectiveness of GWAS-based trait identification in plant breeding research. This review also explores the role of international consortia, community genomics databases, and data-sharing protocols in enhancing GWAS effectiveness. By aligning genomics, phenotyping, and breeding, GWAS serves as a transformative approach for developing climate-smart horticultural cultivars. Strengthening global collaboration, expanding diversity panels, and applying advanced analytics are key to building future-resilient food systems.

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