ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PROFILE OF VARIOUS BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTION

. ABDULLAH; FU AMIN; N HASSAN; K BASHIR; AA KHAN; H BIBI; M IRSHAD; S KHAN; K NAWAZ; Z ULLAH

doi:10.54112/bbasr.v2023i1.48

Authors

. ABDULLAH Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
FU AMIN Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan/The Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, UT Brown Foundation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX 77030, USA
N HASSAN Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
K BASHIR Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
AA KHAN Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
H BIBI Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
M IRSHAD Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan
S KHAN Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
K NAWAZ Department of Zoology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
Z ULLAH Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bbasr.v2023i1.48

Keywords:

Antimicrobial, Multi Drug resistance, respiratory tract infection, antibiotics

Abstract

The most common and wide types of infections are Respiratory tract infections (RTIs), known for high morbidity and mortality in medicine. This study was conducted to determine the microbial pathogens responsible for respiratory tract infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. Total 130 sputum and 70 swabs were collected and processed according to standard laboratory procedures Absyn University Peshawar, Pakistan microbiology laboratory. The samples were processed to screen pathogenic bacteria causing respiratory tract infections. Of all samples, the most prevalent bacteria were enterococcus (29.2%) followed S. aureus (27%), S. pneumoniae (14.0%), M. catarhalis (8.4%), K. pneumoniae (7.3%), S. pyogenes (7.9%), and H. Influenza (6.2%). Antibiotics susceptibility profile was done to determine resistance level in isolated species against current antibiotics. It concluded that different bacterial species were responsible for URT and LRT infections and were detected as multi-drug resistance. Further molecular research is needed to identify resistance genes among these species

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Agmy, G., Mohamed, S., Gad, Y., Farghally, E., Mohammedin, H., and Rashed, H. (2013). Bacterial profile, antibiotic sensitivity and resistance of lower respiratory tract infections in upper Egypt. Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 5. doi: 10.4084/MJHID.2013.056 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4084/mjhid.2013.056

Assane, D., Makhtar, C., Abdoulaye, D., Amary, F., Djibril, B., Amadou, D., Niokhor, D. J. B., Amadou, D., Cheikh, L., and Ndongo, D. (2018). Viral and bacterial etiologies of acute respiratory infections among children under 5 years in Senegal. Microbiology insights 11, 1178636118758651. doi: 10.1177/1178636118758651 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1178636118758651

Atia, A., Abired, A., Ammar, A., Elyounsi, N., and Ashour, A. (2018). Prevalence and types of bacterial infections of the upper respiratory tract at a tertiary care hospital in the City of Tripoli. Libyan International Medical University Journal 3, 54-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/LIUJ.LIUJ_23_18

Cobos-Trigueros, N., Zboromyrska, Y., Morata, L., Alejo-Cancho, I., Calle, C. d. l., Vergara Gómez, A., Cardozo Espinola, C., Arcas, M. P., Soriano Viladomiu, A., and Marco Reverté, F. (2017). Time-to-positivity, type of culture media and oxidase test performed on positive blood culture vials to predict Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients with Gram-negative bacilli bacteraemia. Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia, 2017, vol. 30, num. 1, p. 9-13.

Dahiya, P., and Purkayastha, S. (2012). Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of some medicinal plants against multi-drug resistant bacteria from clinical isolates. Indian journal of pharmaceutical sciences 74, 443. doi: 10.4103/0250-474X.108420. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.108420

Dutta, A., Dutta, S. E., Mazumdar, S., Chatterjee, M., and Sarkar, A. (2017). Bacteriological Profile of Recurrent Upper Respiratory Tract Infection in Children Attending a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci 6, 2561-7. https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.303 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.608.303

El-Mahmood, A., Isa, H., Mohammed, A., and Tirmidhi, A. (2010). Antimicrobial susceptibility of some respiratory tract pathogens to commonly used antibiotics at the Specialist Hospital, Yola, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Journal of Clinical Medicine and Research 2, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.5897/JCMR.9000008

Hudzicki, J. (2009). Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion susceptibility test protocol. American society for microbiology 15, 55-63. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222911 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0222911

Jong, M. C., Buskin, S. L., Ilyenko, L., Kholodova, I., Burkart, J., Weber, S., Keller, T., and Klement, P. (2016). Effectiveness, safety and tolerability of a complex homeopathic medicinal product in the prevention of recurrent acute upper respiratory tract infections in children: a multicenter, open, comparative, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine 11, 1-13. doi: 10.1186/s40248-016-0056-1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40248-016-0056-1

Karaiskos, I., and Giamarellou, H. (2014). Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Gram-negative pathogens: current and emerging therapeutic approaches. Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy 15, 1351-1370. doi: 10.1517/14656566.2014.914172 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1517/14656566.2014.914172

Karcic, E., Aljicevic, M., Bektas, S., and Karcic, B. (2015). Antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Materia socio-medica 27, 180. doi: 10.5455/msm.2015.27.180-184 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2015.27.180-184

Keith, T., Saxena, S., Murray, J., and Sharland, M. (2010). Risk–benefit analysis of restricting antimicrobial prescribing in children: what do we really know? Current opinion in infectious diseases 23, 242-248. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0b013e328338c46d. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/QCO.0b013e328338c46d

Kumari, H. V., Nagarathna, S., and Chandramuki, A. (2007). Antimicrobial resistance pattern among aerobic gram-negative bacilli of lower respiratory tract specimens of intensive care unit patients in a neurocentre. Indian journal of chest diseases and allied sciences 49, 19.

MacFaddin, J. (2000). Individual biochemical tests. Biochemical tests for identification of medical bacteria 3, 27-439.

Mahon, C. R., and Lehman, D. C. (2022). "Textbook of diagnostic microbiology-e-book," Elsevier Health Sciences.

Malosh, R. E., Martin, E. T., Ortiz, J. R., and Monto, A. S. (2018). The risk of lower respiratory tract infection following influenza virus infection: A systematic and narrative review. Vaccine 36, 141-147. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.018 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.11.018

Mishra, S., Kattel, H., Acharya, J., Shah, N., Shah, A., Sherchand, J., Rijal, B., and Pokhrel, B. (2012). Recent trend of bacterial aetiology of lower respiratory tract infection in a tertiary care centre of Nepal. International Journal of Infection and Microbiology 1, 3-8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6639 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3126/ijim.v1i1.6639

Organization, W. H. (2014). "Antimicrobial resistance: global report on surveillance," World Health Organization.

Ozyılmaz, E., Akan, O. A., Gulhan, M., Ahmed, K., and Nagatake, T. (2005). Major bacteria of community-acquired respiratory tract infections in Turkey. Japanese journal of infectious diseases 58, 50-52.

Shrestha, S., Acharya, A., Gautam, A., Nepal, H. P., Gautam, R., Ansari, S., and Upadhyay, G. (2013). Lower respiratory tract pathogens and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern in a medical hospital of central Nepal. International Journal of Biomedical and Advance Research 4, 335-340.

Uzoamaka, M., Ngozi, O., Johnbull, O. S., and Martin, O. (2017). Bacterial etiology of lower respiratory tract infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility. The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 354, 471-475. doi: 10.1016/j.amjms.2017.06.025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjms.2017.06.025

Wang, H.-J., Wang, C.-Q., Hua, C.-Z., Yu, H., Zhang, T., Zhang, H., Wang, S.-F., Lin, A.-W., Cao, Q., and Huang, W.-C. (2019). Antibiotic resistance profiles of Haemophilus influenzae isolates from children in 2016: a multicenter study in China. Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology 2019. doi: 10.1155/2019/6456321 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6456321

Watson, K., Carville, K., Bowman, J., Jacoby, P., Riley, T. V., Leach, A. J., Lehmann, D., and Team, K. O. M. R. P. (2006). Upper respiratory tract bacterial carriage in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children in a semi-arid area of Western Australia. The Pediatric infectious disease journal 25, 782-790. doi: 10.1097/01.inf.0000232705.49634.68 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000232705.49634.68

Weinstein, M. P., and Lewis, J. S. (2020). The clinical and laboratory standards institute subcommittee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing: background, organization, functions, and processes. Journal of clinical microbiology 58, 10.1128/jcm. 01864-19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01864-19

Yusuf, M. A., and Hamid, T. (2017). Isolation and identification of bacteria in retailed smoked fish, within Bauchi Metropolis. Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 3, 01-05.