THE IMPACT OF SEED SIZE ON INITIAL DROUGHT STRESS RESILIENCE AND YIELD IN WHEAT CULTIVATION

MB CHATTHA; MZ MAQSOOD; II JAVID; S ALI; MA ABBAS; M ANAS

doi:10.54112/bbasr.v2024i1.79

Authors

MB CHATTHA Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Quaid e Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
MZ MAQSOOD Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Quaid e Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
II JAVID Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Quaid e Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
S ALI Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Quaid e Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
MA ABBAS Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Quaid e Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
M ANAS Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Quaid e Azam Campus, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bbasr.v2024i1.79

Keywords:

Drought stress, Bold seed, Growth, Yield, Wheat

Abstract

Wheat yield is affected severely by drought in this era of changing climate patterns, including high temperatures and altered precipitation patterns. Drought is among the most challenging environmental stressors, limiting wheat cultivars' growth, productivity, and performance. The current study was conducted during the rabi season 2022 at the Research Area, Department of Agronomy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Therefore, the present study evaluated the potential of diverse seed sizes to advance wheat crop growth, development, and yield when subjected to different drought levels. The study comprised two experiments. The first was a lab experiment that included different drought levels (DL), DL₀: 0.0 bar, DL₁: -2 bar, DL₂: -4 bar, and DL₃: -6 bar (drought levels were induced by solutions of PEG-6000 at different concentrations) and three wheat seed size classes, i.e., bold grain (>38 g), medium grain (<33 g), and small grain (<25 g). In the field experiment, drought stress levels were DL₀ (regular irrigation), DL₁ (first irrigation at 30 days), DL₂(first irrigation at 45 days), and DL₃ (first irrigation at 60 days). Seed sizes included W₁ (bold >38 g), W₂ (medium <33 g), and W₃ (small <25 g). Drought severity increased with DL₁to DL₃. The outcomes of the field experiment revealed that varying levels of drought stress and seed size classes significantly affected parameters such as emergence time, growth traits, biomass allocation, tiller count, plant height, and grain and biomass outcomes. Bold seeds contributed to higher biomass and grain yield, while severe drought decreased yields. Notably, the Harvest Index was affected, indicating bold seeds allocate more biomass to grains. In conclusion, proper seed size selection, favouring bold seeds, can enhance resilience to drought, benefiting wheat cultivation in water-scarce regions.

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