ROLE OF ZINC SULPHATE FOR MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) AND MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA L. WILCZEK) YIELD IMPROVEMENT: A REVIEW

ALI AHMAD; MUHAMMAD TAHIR

doi:10.54112/bbasr.v2017i1.7

Authors

ALI AHMAD Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan
MUHAMMAD TAHIR Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54112/bbasr.v2017i1.7

Keywords:

zinc sulphate, Zea mays, Vigna radiata, grain yield, intercropping, fertilizer

Abstract

Maize is an important cereal crop grown throughout the world for its grain and green fodder. It is used as food for human and feed for animals. Maize is a crop that is most susceptible to Zinc deficiency. The selection of high yielding cultivars and chemical fertilizer use is of high purity under intensive cropping system. Mungbean is being used as food and protein supplements. It is being cooked with vegetables, incorporated with bread and cakes, used as boiled or roasted in syrup. It is also generally used for vegetable dishes and sprout for egg rolls. The present review discussed about the use of zinc sulphate for the improvement of crop yield and quality of maize with mungbean in intercropping system. The present review revealed that plant uses Zinc in many of its vital processes such as protein synthesis, membrane’s structure and functions, expression of genes and tolerance against oxidative stress. The impacts of zinc deficiency cannot be ignored as it has very much serious implication regarding immune system and growth. The use of Zinc for improvement of grain yield of maize and munbean plays an important role. Hence, it should be used as micro nutrient for improving output of maize and mungbean in sole and intercropping growing patterns.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abbas, G., Z. Abbas, M., Aslam, A.U., Malik, M., Ishaque and F., Hussain. (2011). Effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) yield under arid climate. International Research Journal of Plant Sciences, 2: 94-98.

Abd-El-Hady, B.A. (2007). Effect of zinc application on growth and nutrient uptake of Barley plant irrigated with saline water. Journal of Applied Science Research, 3: 431-436.

Abdo, F.A. (2001). The response of two mungbean cultivars to zinc, manganese and boron. Morphological, physiological and anatomical aspects. Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture Cairo University, 52: 445-466. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/ejarc.2001.225845

Abunyewa, A.A. and H. Mercer-Quarshie. (2004). Response of Maize to Magnesium and Zinc Application in the Semi-Arid Zone of West Africa. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 3: 1-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2004.1.5

Adesoji, A. G., Abubakar, I. U., Tanimu, B., & Labe, D. A. (2013). Influence of Incorporated short duration legume fallow and nitrogen on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and development in northern guinea savannah of Nigeria. American-Euroasian Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences. 13: 58-67.

Afzal, M.A., M.A. Bakr, A. Hamid, M.M. Haque and M.S. Akhtar. (2004). Mung bean in Bangladesh. Lentil Black gram and Mung bean Development Pilot Project. Pulses Research Centre, BARI, Gazipur- 17(1). 23: 60.

Ahmad, G., Z. Qureshi, D.S. Khan and A. Iqbal. (2001). Study on the intercropping of soybean with maize. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 17: 235-238.

Ajouri, A., H. Asgedom, M. Becker. (2004). Seed priming enhances germination and seedling growth of barley under conditions of P and Zn deficiency. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Sciences, 167: 630–636. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jpln.200420425

Ali Q., A. Ali, M.F. Awan, M. Tariq, S. Ali, T.R. Samiullah, S. Azam, S. Din, M. Ahmad, N.M. Sharif, S. Muhammad, N.H. Khan, M. Ahsan, I.A. Nasir and T. Hussain. (2014b). Combining ability analysis for various physiological, grain yield and quality traits of (Zea mays L.). Life Science Journal, 11: 540-551.

Ali, A., A. Tanveer and M. Hussain. (2013). Agro-management practices for boosting yield and quality of hybrid maize (Zea mays L.). Pak. Journal of Life Social Sciences. 11: 70-76.

Ali, E.A. and A.M. Mahmoud. (2012). Effect of foliar spray by different salicylic acid and zinc concentrations on seed yield and yield components of mung bean in sandy soil. Asian J. Crop Sci. 5: 33-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajcs.2013.33.40

Ali, Q., A. Ali, M. Tariq, B. Sarwar, M. Ahmad, M.F. Awaan and T. Husnain. 2014a. Gene Action for Various Grain and Fodder Quality Traits in Zea Mays. Journal of Food Nutration Research. 2: 704-717. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12691/jfnr-2-10-9

Ali, S., A.R. Khan, G. Mairaj, M. Arif, M. Fida and S. Bibi. (2008). Assessment of different crop nutrient management practices for yield improvement. Australian Journal of Crop Science, 2: 150-157.

Ali, S., A.U. Bhatti, F. Khan and A. Ghani. (2008). Performance of mung bean in wheat-mungbean system under integrated plant nutrient management on eroded lands. Sarhad J. Agri. 24: 445-452.

Alloway, B.J. (2004). Zinc in Soils and Crop Nutrition. IZA Publications, Int. Zinc Association, Brussels, pp. 1-116.

Anonymous, 2000-02. Fertilizers and their use. FAO, International Fertilizer Industry Association, Rome.

Anonymous. (2002). Reducing risks, promoting healthy life. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 230 p.

Aref, F. (2010). Zinc and boron fertilization on concentration and uptake of iron and manganese in the corn grain. Journal of American Science. 6: 236-242.

Aref, F. (2011). Zinc and boron content by maize leaves from soil and foliar application of zinc sulfate and boric acid in zinc and boron deficient soils. Middle-East J. Sci. Res. 7: 610-618.

Bagci, S.A., H. Ekiz, A. Yilmaz and I. Cakmak. (2007). Effects of zinc deficiency and drought on grain yield of field-grown wheat cultivars in central Anatolia. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 193: 198-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-037X.2007.00256.x

Baloch, Q.B., Q.I. Chachar and M.N. Tareen. (2008). Effect of foliar application of macro and micro nutrients on production of green chilies (Capsicum annuum L.). Journal of Agriculture Technology, 4: 177-184.

Banik, P. and R.C. Sharma. (2009). Yield and resource utilization efficiency in baby corn-legume intercropping system in the eastern plateau of India. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture, 33: 379-305. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/10440040902834970

Bremner, J.M. (1964). Organic forms of nitrogen. In: Black, C.A. (ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis, Part-2, pp: 1235–1255. American Society of Agronomy Inc., Medison, Wisconson.

Brown, K.H. and S.E Wuehler. (2000): Zinc and human health. The Micronutrient Initiative, Ottawa.

Bukvic, G., M. Antunovic, S. Popovic, M. Rastija. (2003). Effect of P and Zn fertilization on biomass, yield and its uptake by maize lines (Zea mays L.). Plant Soil and Environment, 49: 505-510. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/4185-PSE

Bybordi, A., and G. Mamedov. (2010). Evaluation of application methods efficiency of zinc and iron for canola (Brassica napus L.). Notulae Scientia Biologicae. 2: 94-103. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15835/nsb213531

Cakmak, I. (2000). Possible roles of zinc in protecting plant cells from damage by reactive oxygen species. New Physiologist, 146. 2: 85-200. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00630.x

Cakmak, I. (2008). Enrichment of cereal grains with zinc: agronomic or genetic biofortification. Plant Soil. 302: 1-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9466-3

Campos, H., M. Cooper, J.E. Habben, G.O. Edmeades and J.R. Schussler. (2004). Improving drought tolerance in maize: A view from industry. Field Crops Research, 90: 19-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2004.07.003

Dahmardeh, M., Ghanbari, A., Syahsar, B. A., & Ramrodi, M. (2010). The role of intercropping maize (Zea mays L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) on yield and soil chemical properties. African Journal of Agriculture Research, 5: 631-636.

Dashadi, M., A. Hossein, R. Radjabi and T. Babainejad. (2013). Investigation of effect different rates Phosphorus and Zinc fertilizers on two cultivars Lentil (Gachsaran and Flip92-12L) in irrigation complement condition. International Journal of Agriculture and Crop Science, 5: 1-5.

De Wit, C.T. (1960). On competition. Versl. Land bouwk, Onderzock, 66: 1-82.

Egbe, O.M., S.E. Alibo and I. Nwueze. 2010. Evaluation of some extra-early-and early- maturing cowpea varieties for intercropping with maize in southern guinea savanahof Nigeria. Agriculture Biology Journal of North America. 1: 845-858. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5251/abjna.2010.1.5.845.858

Ennin, S. A., M.O. Clegg & C.A. Francis. (2002). Resource utilization in soybean/maize intercrops. African Crop Science Journal, 10: 251-261.

Eteng, E.U., D.O. Asawalam and A.O. Ano. (2014). Effect of Cu and Zn on Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Coastal Plain Sand Derived Soils of Southeastern Nigeria. Open Journal of Soil Science, 4: 235-245. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojss.2014.47026

Fageria, N.K., C. Baligar, R.B. Clark. (2002). Micronutrients in crop production. Advances in Agronomy. 77: 185– 268. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(02)77015-6

Farooq, M., A. Wahid and K.H.M. Siddique. 2012. Micronutrient application through seed treatments: a review. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 12: 125-142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-95162012000100011

Freeborn, J.R., D.L. Holshouser, M.M. Alley, N.L. Powell and D.M. Orcutt. (2001). Soybean yield response to reproductive stage soil-applied nitrogen and foliar-applied boron. Agronomy Journal, 93: 1200-1209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2001.1200

Fuller, D.Q. and E.L. Harvey. (2006). The archaeology of Indian pulses: identification, processing and evidence for cultivation. Environment and Archaeology, 11: 219-246. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1179/174963106x123232

Furlani, A.M.C., P.R. Furlani, A.R. Meda and A.P. Durate. (2005). Efficiency of maize cultivars for zinc uptake and use. J. Sci. Agric., (Piraciaba, Braz.). Soil and Plant Nutrition, 62:3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-90162005000300010

George, R. and M. Schmitt. (2002). Zinc for crop production. Regents of the University of Minnesota.

Govt. of Pakistan. (2015). Economic survey of Pakistan 2014-2015. Ministry of food, agriculture and livestock (federal bureau of statistics), Islamabad, Pakistan. pp: 29-30.

Graham, R.D. and R.M. Welch. (2002). Plant food micronutrient composition and human nutrition. Comm. Soil Sciences & Plant Annals. 31: 1627-1640. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00103620009370529

Guan, D., P. Gray, D.H. Kang. (2003). Microbiological validation of microwave-circulated water combination heating technology by inoculated pack studies. Journal of Food Science, 68: 1428–1432. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb09661.x

Gupta, P.K., N.N. Sharma, H.K. Acharya, S.K. Gupta, G.C. Mali, A. Henry, D. Kumar and N.B. Singh. (2003). Response of mung bean to zinc and iron on Vertisols in south-eastern plain of Rajasthan. Proceedings of the National Symposium on arid legumes, for food nutrition security and promotion of trade, Hisar, India, 15-16 May 2002., 259-262: Scientific Publishers (India).

Gurigbal, S. (2010). The soybean: Botany, Production and Uses. Ludhiana, India: Cabi Publishers. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781845936440.0000 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1079/9781845936440.0000

Hakim, L. (2008). Variability and correlation of agronomic characters of mung bean germplasm and their utilization for variety improvement programme. Indonesian Journal Agriculture Science, 9: 24-28. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v9n1.2008.24-28

Hamdollah, E. (2012). Yield and quality of forage produced in intercropping of maize (Zea mays L.) with and mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) as double cropped. Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Res. 2: 93-97.

Hamsa, A. and E.T. Puttaiah. (2012). Residual effect of Zinc and Boron on growth and yield of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)-Rice (Oryza sativa L.) cropping system. International Journal of Environmental Science, 4: 167-171.

Harris, D., A. Rashid, G. Miraj, M. Arif and H. Shah (2007). Priming seeds with zinc sulphate solution increases yields of maize on zinc-deficient soils. Field Crops Research, 102: 119-127. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fcr.2007.03.005

Harris, D., A. Rashid, G. Miraj, M. Arif and M. Yunas. (2008). ‘On-farm’ seed priming with zinc in chickpea and wheat in Pakistan. Plant Soil, 306: 3–10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9465-4

Havlin, J.L., J.D. Beaton, S.L. Tisdale and W.L. Nelson. (2007). Soil fertility and fertilizers, an introduction to nutrient management, 7th ed. p: 221. Pearson Education Inc. Singapore.

Hossain, M.A., M. Jahiruddin, M.R. Islam, M.H. Mian. (2008). The requirement of zinc for improvement of crop yield and mineral nutrition in the maize-mungbean-rice system. Plant and Soil 306, 13–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11104-007-9529-5

Hosseini, S.M., M. Maftoun, N. Karimian, A. Rounaghi and Y. Emam. (2007). Effect of zinc and boron interaction on plant growth and tissue nutrient concentration of corn. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 30:773-781. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160701289974

Hu, Y.X., C.G. Qu and J.N. Yu. (2003). Zn and Fe fertilizers effects on wheat output. Chinese Germplasm, 2: 25-28.

Hussain, M., S. Ijaz and M. Bibi. (2006). Accumulation of nutrients and metal ions by two mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] cultivars treated with copper and lead. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 77: 581-589. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-006-1103-y

Ijoyah, M. O. (2012). Review of intercropping research on cereal- vegetable based cropping system, Scient. Journal of Crop Science, 1: 55-62.

Iqbal, A., M. Ayub, N. Akbar and R. Ahmad. (2006). Growth and forage yield response of maizelegume mixed cropping to different sowing techniques. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Science, 43: 126-130.

Javed I., H.M. Ahmad, M. Ahsan, Q. Ali, U.M. Ghani, M.S. Iqbal, M. Rashid and H.N. Akram. (2014). Induced genetic variability by gamma radiation and traits association study in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.). Life Science Journal, 11: 530-539

Jeranyama, P., O.B. Hesterman, S.R. Waddington and R.R. Harwood. (2000). Relay-intercropping of sunnhemp and cowpea into a smallholder maize system in Zimbabwe. Agronomy Journal, 92: 239-244. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2000.922239x

Johnson, S.E., J.G. Lauren, R.M. Welch and J.M. Duxbury. (2005). A comparison of the effects of micronutrient seed priming and soil fertilization on the mineral nutrition of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), lentil (Lens culinaris L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in Nepal. Experimental Agriculture, 41: 427-448. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479705002851

Jones, J., D. Huber. (2007). Magnesium and plant disease. In.: Mineral Nutrition and Plant Disease. APS Press, St. Paul, pp.95-100.

Kaisher, M.S., M.A. Rahman, M.H.A. Amin, A.S.M. Amanullah and A.S.M. Ahsanullah. 2010. Effects of sulphur and boron on the seed yield and protein content of mung bean. Bangladesh Research Publication Journal, 3: 1181-1186.

Kanwal, S., Rahmatullah, A.M. Ranjha and R. Ahmad. (2010). Zinc partitioning in maize grain after soil fertilization with zinc sulfate. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology. 12: 299-302.

Kassab, O.M. (2005). Soil moisture stress and micronutrients foliar application effects on the growth and yield of mungbean plants. J. Agric. Sci., Mansoura University, 30: 247-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21608/jpp.2005.237098

Kaya, M., M. Atak, K.M. Khawar, C.Y. Ciftci and S. Ozcan. 2007. Effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with zinc and foliar spray of humic acids on yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 7: 875–878.

Khalil, A.A. (2006). Nutritional improvement of Egyptian breed of mung bean by probiotic Lactobacilli. Afr. J. Biotech. 5: 206-212.

Khourgami, A. and S.R. Fard. 2012. The effect of Zinc (Zn) spraying and plant density on yield and yield components of green gram. Annals Biological Research, 3: 4172-4178.

Khudsar, T., A. Arshi, T.O. Siddiqi, M. zafar and M. Iqbal. (2008). Zinc-induced changes in growth characters, foliar properties, and Zn accumulation capacity of Pigeon Pea at different stages of plant growth. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 31: 281–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01904160701853894

Kumar, P.S., R.N Bahuguna, M. Pal, A.K. Trivedi, A. Hemantaranjan and J.P. Srivastava. (2010). Effects of pre-treatment and foliar application of zinc on growth and yield components of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) under induced salinity. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 15: 67-72.

Latha, M. R. (2003). Influence of zinc enriched organic manures on nutrition of maize in inceptisols. Journal of Ecobiology, 15: 305-308.

Li, L., J. Sun, F. Zhang, X. Li, S. Yang, and Z. Rengel. (2001). Wheat/maize or wheat/soybean strip intercropping, yield advantage and interspecific interaction on nutrients. Field Crop Research, 71: 123-137. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(01)00156-3

Liu, J., K. Li, J. Xu, J. Liang, X. Lu, J. Yang and Q. Zhu. (2003). Interaction of Cd and five mineral nutrients for uptake and accumulation in different rice cultivars and genotypes. Field Crops Research, 83: 271-281. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4290(03)00077-7

Mahmood, A. and M. Athar. (2008). Cross inoculation studies: Response of (Vigna mungo L.) to inoculation with Rhizobia from tree legumes growing under arid Environment. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 5: 135-139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03326006

Malakouti, M.J. 2007. Zinc is a neglected element in the life cycle of plants: A review. Middle East. Rus. Journal of Plant Science and Biotechnology, 1: 1-12.

Malakouti, M.J., M.M. Tehrani, A. Ziaeyan, A. Majidi, J. Ghaderi, A. Bybordi, P. Keshavarz, M.N. Gheibi and G.R. Savaghebi. 2005. Effect of balanced fertilization on the weight of thousand seeds for different wheat cultivars the calcareous soils of Iran. XV International Plant Nutrition Colloquium (IPNC), Beijing, China.

Malavolta, E. (2006). Manual de nutrição mineral de plantas. Sao Paulo: Agronômica Ceres, p.638.

Mandal, S., M. Mandal, A. Das, B. Pati and A. Ghosh. (2009). Stimulation of indoleacetic acid production in a Rhizobium isolate of (Vigna mungo L.) by root nodule phenolic acids. Archives of Microbiology, 191: 389-393. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-008-0455-6

Manivasagaperumal, R., P. Vijayarengan, S. Balamurugan and G. Thiyagarajan. (2012). Effect of zinc on growth, dry matter yield and nutrient content of (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek.) International Journal of Recent Science Research, 3: 687-692.

Marwat, K.B., M. Arif and M.A. Khan. (2007). Effect of tillage and zinc application methods on weeds and yield of maize. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 39: 1583-1591.

Masuthi, D.A., B.S. Vyakaranahal and V.K. Deshpande. (2009). Influence of pelleting with micronutrients and botanical on growth, seed yield and quality of vegetable cowpea. Karnataka Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 22: 898–900.

Matusso, J.M.M., J.N. Mugwe and M. Mucheru-Muna. (2012). Potential role of cereal-legume intercropping systems in integrated soil fertility management in smallholder farming systems of sub-Saharan Africa Research Application Summary. Third RUFORUM Biennial Meeting 24-28 September 2012, Entebbe, Uganda.

Michael M., (2004). Zinc for better health. www.zinc-health.org.

Mohamed, S.A.E., A.S.E.Y. Sawsan and M.E.S. Dalia. (20080. Improving maize grain yield and its quality grown on a newly reclaimed sandy soil by applying micronutrient, organic manure and biological inoculation. Research Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 4: 537-544.

Mousavi, S.R. (2011). Zinc in Crop Production and Interaction with Phosphorus. Australian Journal of Basic & Applied Sciencs, 5: 1503-1509.

Mshelia, J.S., N.C. Kuchinda and L. Aliyu. (2004). Performance of maize/bambara ground nut intercrop as affected by sowing date and planting pattern. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 6: 120-127.

Obrador, A., J. Novillo and J.M. Alvarez. (2003). Mobility and availability to plants of two zinc sources applied to a calcareous soil. American Journal of Soil Science, 67: 564–572. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2003.5640

Osman, A.N., A. Raebild, J.L. Christiansen. and J. Bayala. (2011). Performance of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) and Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) Intercropped under Parkiabiglobosain an Agroforestry System in Burkina Faso. African Journal of Agriculture Reseach, 6: 882-891.

Ozturk, L., M.A. Yazici, C. Yucel, A. Torun, C. Cekic, A. Bagci, H. Ozkan, H.J. Braun, Z. Sayers and I. Cakmak. (2006). Concentration and localization of zinc during seed development and germination in wheat. Physiology of Plant, 128: 144-152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.2006.00737.x

Pathak, G.C. and N. Pandey. (2010). Improving zinc density and seed yield of green gram by foliar application of zinc at early reproductive phase. Indian Journal of Plant Physiology, 15: 338-342.

Potarzycki J. and W. Grzebisz. (2009). Effect of zinc foliar application on grain yield of maize and its yielding components. Plant Soil and Environment. 55: 519-527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/95/2009-PSE

Potarzycki, J. (2011). Effect of magnesium or zinc supplementation at the background of nitrogen rate on nitrogen management by maize canopy cultivated in monoculture. Plant Soil and Environment, 57: 19-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17221/77/2010-PSE

Prasad, R.B. and R.M. Brooks. 2005. Effects of varying maize density on intercropped maize and soybeans in Nepal. Experimental Agriculture, 41: 365-382. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479705002693

Qadar, A. (2002). Selecting rice genotypes tolerant to zinc deficiency and sodicity stresses. I. Differences in zinc, iron, manganese, copper, phosphorus concentrations, and phosphorus/zinc ratio in their leaves. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 25: 457-473. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1081/PLN-120003376

Quddus, M.A., M.H. Rashid, M.A. Hossain and H.M. Naser. 2011. Effect of zinc and boron on yield and yield contributing characters of green gram in low Ganges river floodplain soil at Madaripur, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultuere Research, 36: 75-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v36i1.9231

Rashid, A., and E. Rafique. (2002). Boron deficiency in cotton grown in calcareous soils of Pakistan. II. Correction and criteria for foliar diagnosis: p.357-362, In: Boron in Plant and Animal Nutrition. Kluwer Academic Publishers, New York. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0607-2_36

Reddy, T. Y., & Reddi, G. H. S. (2007). Principles of Agronomy (pp. 468-489). Kalyan Publishers India.

Ryan, J and AMA. El-Moneim. (2007). Implications of Zinc deficiency for ameliorating toxicity (lathyrism) in grasspea. In Conf. Proc.; Zinc Crops 2007: Improving Crop Production and Human Health, Istambul, Turkey.

Saleem, R., Z.I. Ahmed, M. Ashraf, M. Arif, M.A. Malik, M. Munir and M.A. Khan. (2011). Response of maize-legume intercropping system to different fertility sources under rainfed conditions. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 27: 503-511.

Sanginga, N. and P.L. Woomer. (2009). Integrated soil fertility management in Africa: Principles, Practices and Development Process. (Eds.). Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility. Institute of the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture. Nairobi.

Sarwar, S., M.S. Sadiq., M. Saleem and G. Abbas. (2004). Selection criteria in F3 and F4 populations of mung bean. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 36: 297-310.

Sekara, A., M. Poniedziaek, J. Ciura and E. Jedrszczyk. (2005). Zinc and copper accumulation and distribution in the tissues of nine crops: Implications for phytoremediation. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14: 829-835.

Seran, T. H. and I. Brintha. (2010). Review on maize based intercropping. Journal of Agronomy, 9: 135-145. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ja.2010.135.145

Shaheen, R., M.K. Samim and R. Mahmud. (2007). Effect of zinc on yield and zinc uptake by wheat on some soils of Bangladesh. Journal of Soil and Nutrition. 1: 07-14.

Shaver, T.M. and D.G. Westfall. (2005). Long term availability of low water soluble zinc fertilizers. Western Nutrient Management Conference. Vol.6. Salt Lake City, UT.

Shivay, Y.S., D. Kumar, R. Prasad and I. P. S. Ahlawat. (2008). Relative yield and zinc uptake by rice from zinc sulphate and zinc oxide coatings onto urea. Nutritional Cycle and Agro ecosystem, 80: 181–188. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-007-9131-5

Shojaei, H. and H. Makarian. (2015). The Effect of Nano and Non-Nano Zinc Oxide Particles Foliar Application on Yield and Yield Components of Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) under Drought Stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 12: 76.

Sullivan, P. (2003). Intercropping principles and production practices. Appropriate Technology Transfer for Rural Areas Publication. Retrieved from http://www.attra.ncat.org.

Tariq, M., M.A. Khan and S. Parveen. 2002. Response of maize to applied soil zinc. Pakistan journal of Biological Sciences, 2: 277-476. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3923/ajps.2002.476.477

Taunk, J., N.R. Yadav, R.C. Yadav and R. Kumar. (2012). Genetic diversity among green gram [Vigna radiata L. Wilczek] genotypes varying in micronutrient (Fe and Zn) content using RAPD markers. Indian Journal of Biotechnology,. 11: 48-53.

Thalooth, A.T., M.M. Tawfik and H.M. Mohamed. (2006). A comparative study on the effect of foliar application of zinc, potassium and magnesium on growth, yield and some chemical constituents of Mungbean plants grown under water stress conditions. World Journal of Agricultural Science. 2:37-46.

Thwala, M.G. and E.M. Ossom. (2004). Legume-maize association influences crop characteristics and yields. In 4th International Crop Science Congress (Vol. 26).

Tomooka, N., A. Takashi, T. Hiromu, I. Yuka, M. Hiroko, I. Munekazu, T. Totshiyuki, I. Tetsuro, A. Fugio, I. Iriya, N. Tsutomu and W. Kazuttito. (2002). Antibacterial activity of extracts prepared from tropical and sub-tropical plants on methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Health. Sciences, 48: 273-289. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1248/jhs.48.273

Usman, M., Tahir, M. and Majeed, A. (2014). Effect of Zinc Sulphate as Soil Application and Seed Treatment on Green Gram (Vigna radiata L.). Pakistan Journal of Life Social Sciences, 12: 87-91.

Vasconcelos, A.C.F., C.W.A. Nascimento and F.F.C. Filho. (2011). Distribution of zinc in maize plants as a function of soil and foliar Zn supply. International Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 1: 1-5.

Vesterager, J. M., N.E. Nielsen. And H. Hogh-Jensen. (2008). Effects of cropping history and phosphorus source on yield and nitrogen fixation in sole and intercropped cowpea- maize systems. Nutrients Cycling Agro systems, 80: 61-73. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10705-007-9121-7

Waddington, S.R., M. Mekuria, S. Siziba and J. Karigwindi. (2007). Long-term yield sustainability and financial returns from grain legume-maize intercrops on a sandy soil in subhumid North Central Zimbabwe. Experimental Agriculture, 43: 489-503. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0014479707005303

Wang, H., J.J. Yun and W. Wei. (2004). Effect of zinc application on physiological response of maize to different soil moisture regime. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertility Sciences, 10: 367-373.

Welch, R.M. and R.D. Graham. (2004). Breeding for micronutrients in staple food crops from a human nutrition perspective. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55: 353-364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jxb/erh064

Wenger K., K. Guptas, G. Furrer and R. Schulin. 2002. Zinc extraction potential of two common crop plants, Nicotiana tabacum and Zea mays. Plant Soil. 242: 217.wheat on some soils of Bangladesh. Journal of Soil and Natrition. 1: 07-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016253821174

Zeb, T. and M. Arif. (2008). Effect of zinc application methods on yield and yield components of maize [abstract]. Department of Agronomy, NWFP Agricultural University, Peshawar, Pakistan.